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counting multiplicity

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  • Discriminant — In algebra, the discriminant of a polynomial is an expression which gives information about the nature of the polynomial s roots. For example, the discriminant of the quadratic polynomial is Here, if Δ > 0, the polynomial has two real roots,… …   Wikipedia

  • Recurrence relation — Difference equation redirects here. It is not to be confused with differential equation. In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation that recursively defines a sequence, once one or more initial terms are given: each further term of the… …   Wikipedia

  • Jordan normal form — In linear algebra, a Jordan normal form (often called Jordan canonical form)[1] of a linear operator on a finite dimensional vector space is an upper triangular matrix of a particular form called Jordan matrix, representing the operator on some… …   Wikipedia

  • Prime factor — In number theory, the prime factors of a positive integer are the prime numbers that divide into that integer exactly, without leaving a remainder. The process of finding these numbers is called integer factorization, or prime factorization.For a …   Wikipedia

  • Formal derivative — In mathematics, the formal derivative is an operation on elements of a polynomial ring which mimics the form of the derivative from calculus. Though they appear similar, the algebraic advantage of a formal derivative is that it does not rely on… …   Wikipedia

  • Motor variable — A function of a motor variable is a function with arguments and values in the split complex number plane, much as functions of a complex variable involve ordinary complex numbers. The split complex numbers lie in the motor plane D, a term… …   Wikipedia

  • Kloosterman sum — In mathematics, a Kloosterman sum is a particular kind of exponential sum. Let a , b , m be natural numbers. Then :K(a,b;m)=sum {0leq xleq m 1, gcd(x,m)=1 } e^{2pi i (ax+bx^*)/m},Here x* is the inverse of x modulo m . They are named for the Dutch …   Wikipedia

  • Multiset — This article is about the mathematical concept. For the computer science data structure, see Set (computer science)#Multiset. In mathematics, the notion of multiset (or bag) is a generalization of the notion of set in which members are allowed to …   Wikipedia

  • Islamic arts — Visual, literary, and performing arts of the populations that adopted Islam from the 7th century. Islamic visual arts are decorative, colourful, and, in religious art, nonrepresentational; the characteristic Islamic decoration is the arabesque.… …   Universalium

  • Bézout's theorem — is a statement in algebraic geometry concerning the number of common points, or intersection points, of two plane algebraic curves. The theorem claims that the number of common points of two such curves X and Y is equal to the product of their… …   Wikipedia

  • Intersection number — In mathematics, the concept of intersection number arose in algebraic geometry, where two curves intersecting at a point may be considered to meet twice if they are tangent there. In the sense that multiple intersections are limiting cases of n… …   Wikipedia

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